Interior design ideas

Let’s pass to the following, most known, way of pseudo-stained-glass windows manufacturing. It is a stained-glass window from beaten glass and silicate glue. It is necessary to prepare color glasses of the necessary size. Prepare the sketch full-scale, attach from an underside to glass. Degrease a surface with liquid ammonia and put planimetric ornament with dark marker or paint. Cover glass with a layer of silicate glue (liquid glass) and spread a mosaic from color splinters of glass according to the matched figure. In 4-6 hours the surface of a stained-glass window should be filled in with a continuous layer of glue so that it covered all acting splinters. So that the glue did not flow down, on edges it is possible to establish a time framework from wood strips. Except for silicate glue you may use epoxy adhesive or polyester pitch.
It is possible to execute a stained-glass window from whole color glasses according to the following technology. We prepare the sketch and fix it from an underside of transparent glass, as well as in the previous cases. We cut out from the whole color glasses sites of figure of a necessary configuration. On transparent glass-basis the “dry” set of a stained-glass window is done. The space between slices of color glass is filled in with solution of following structure: cement - 1 part, sand - 3 parts, glue - 1 part. For convenience at this operation it is possible to take even polyethylene container from under shampoo into which the glass or plastic tube in diameter of 4-5 mm is inserted. Before filling up edges of color glasses in junctions with silicate glass are carefully greased with a solution by means of a wooden stick. After the drying the basic filling up is made. At such processing the solution does not leak under color glasses, and the stained-glass window turns out accurate and nice.

Real stained-glass window is made of the pieces of color glass inserted into a metal frame. Earlier for manufacturing frames lead was used and now - stainless steel and aluminium have superseded it. Such technologies are, unfortunately, quite complex for house creativity. Therefore, we wish to bring to your attention a little more accessible pseudo-stained-glass windows devices.
Before manufacturing of any stained-glass window it is necessary to develop the full-scale color sketch. If you feel like an artist, you may easily start the business. Otherwise you should find a suitable ornament, address to classics, gradually move ahead from simple to complex, and all your friends will admire creations of your hands.
After development of the sketch, cover it with glass, on which the stained-glass window will be made. It should be well cleaned and skim.
The first method is based on use of soluble color fabrics, such as acetate silk, which is easily dissolved by acetone and nitro lacquers. Cut out slices of thin fabric of a necessary configuration and color according to figure of the future stained-glass window. Cover glass with a thin layer of transparent nitro lacquer and dry it. Then the same nitro lacquers should be put on separate zones, and rags of preparation should be pasted.
Gluing is necessary for making precise pictures as the fabric starts to be dissolved practically at once, and it cannot be moved. Having pasted a rag on the place allocated for it, cover the mark with nitro lacquers and pass to the following one. Having filled a stained-glass window with elements, put one more layer of nitro lacquers and atop pair layers of parquet lacquers. Making pseudo-frame is the following stage. For this purpose epoxy pitch should be mixed up with a hardener in the ratio 1 : 8~10. The received weight should be mixed up with talc and aluminium or bronze powder till the moment, when a mix will get metal shine and will not spread on the glass. Then the received weight should be filled into confectionery syringe or used tube from under a tooth-paste and the equal platen squeeze out on outlines of stained-glass window. Thus it is important not to suppose crossings between lines as platens should not run against each other.
We recommend making all actions with nitro lacquers in well aired premise or at open air, and it is necessary to work in rubber gloves with epoxy pitch.

The name “ceramics” has occurred from the Greek word “Keramos”, which means “clay”. And it is the clay which serves the raw material for manufacture of any pottery, including and ceramic tiles. As well as all pottery, tiles distinguishes by the raised rigidity (they are not deformed and do not bend though are a fragile material), they are hygienic, easily cleared and are steady against chemical agents influence.
Researches in the field of aesthetics, carried out recently, went in two directions. First, it is a reproduction of marble or natural stone structures. A lot of efforts have been put in development of the invoice of surfaces and in increase in tile thickness, in new color scales and graphic decisions, since so-called “structures”, which now are the first obligatory step to new ideas and tendencies development. Secondly, it is creation of surfaces, pierced by weather and time.
Combination of a ceramic tile with various materials (glass, metal, a tree) is one more fashionable tendency. The combination of several formats, owing to what it is possible to achieve interesting decorative effect, is also used.
Ceramic tile is not just a decorative material. The world of ceramics is similar to the world of a fashion. Here there is also great variety and mixture of styles, colors and forms.
Knowledge of the basic world classifications, the basic types of the tiles (majolica, a ceramic granite, etc.), the parameters, describing technical features of tiles, will allow choosing correctly the given kind of floor covering.

In course of time, after different feasts and celebrations a great lot of useless candle ends of candles collect and today we offer you to make an original candle with glass ornament.
Necessary details:
• Candle ends
• Match
• Glass bottle
• Can
• Package from under milk or juice
• Scissors
• Hammer
• 2 spokes
• Sticky tape
Stages of work:
For the beginning we shall make the form for a candle. We shall take a package from under milk or juice and we shall measure height of our future candle right on the package and we shall add 2 centimeters. After that it is necessary cut off the form and let’s look what has turned out.
Now it is high time to put glass bottle into the cotton bag and break it into fine splinters (it is possible to replace it with ready chipped smalto), of which we shall make an ornament. It is better to pick up glass of different color: brown, yellow, and red, blue, green.
Now, it is necessary to fuse candle ends. It is better to make it on a water bath: put candle ends into the can and put it into hot water.
While candle ends melt, we shall make the ornament. For this purpose we shall take the form-package and we shall put it on one side. On the formed horizontal surface we shall lay out bottle splinters. Now you should very accurately fill in the turned out ornament with the fused wax so that it has been covered completely. In order that the wax has not flowed out, unbend 2 centimeters upwards. Let it cool down. Process other parties in the same manner.
While wax cools down, we shall make a match. Its length will be equal to height of a candle plus 5 centimeters so that the match was rigid, it is necessary to dip it some times into hot wax.
Put cross-wise 2 spokes on the package-form. Put to the bottom a match between them, having fixed the top end by sticky tape. After this the remained wax should be filled in the form in some receptions! (otherwise the wax will melt on the ornament and it will spoil the pattern). Leave it till full hardening. Now you can remove spokes, cut a package and truncate a match.
 

Ceramic mosaic, more truly, its chips are externally reminding of usual tile - it is also in the form of square or rectangular, only the smaller size. Colors, offered by manufacturers and shades, are very various. The mosaic can be glazed and can contain “special effects” - impregnations of other color, imitation of rough surface, etc. The surface, laid out by ceramic mosaic, will be more relief, than trimmed by a glass mosaic. The ceramic mosaic is stronger than glass that is why it is combined with stability to abrasive deterioration and original appearance. Not glazed mosaic has porous structure, with all troubles following from here.
The ceramic mosaic approaches for facing of the most different surfaces, including pools, facades of buildings, walls and floors of bathrooms and kitchens.
Stone mosaic. In its manufacture the most different breeds of a stone, since cheap tufa and up to the rare breeds of marble, onyx and jasper, are used. Color of a natural material is unique, game of structures is unusual, and therefore each mosaic image is obviously unique. The stone can be left polished, and it may be artificially “olden” - in this case the color will be more muffled, and edges will be smoother. The maximal size of chips is 50*50 mm (basically such elements are applied outside of premises).
If you are planning to buy mosaic from the natural or agglomerated marble it is necessary to consider, that it is rather soft materials, at care with which it is impossible to use abrasive cleaners and the rigid brushes, capable to leave scratches on the polished surface. It is necessary to avoid liquids - fruit juices, wine, vinegar, etc.???? Majority of products of these materials is recommended to be used after stacking in places with intensive operation and you should rub it with special wax. Exception is made with agglomerates on the basis of quartz.

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The mosaic is the figure, made of small pieces or various materials. The word in translation with Latin “musium” means “devoted to muses”. The first mosaic images, which have reached up to now, belong to the epoch of antiquity. However, today it experiences a rebirth. Even more often it is possible to see a panel and pictures in the most various to destination premises: pools, showrooms, cafes, shops.
Glass mosaic. Today Venetian glass is the most widespread material for manufacture of a mosaic. It is durable, water-resisting, heat resisting, cold-resistant. Besides, it has continuous structure so, it is not subject to influence of microorganisms and bacteria and can be used for furnish of pools. As to a color palette, it is so polychromatic that it is difficult for describing. For this purpose during manufacture diversified additives are being added into the glass: from a pine forest, cadmium and selenium up to a semiprecious mineral aventurine and nacre.
The most widespread form of type-setting elements (modules, chips) is square. The more finely they are the more detailed elaboration of the image will be.
The glass mosaic has very wide scope: these are the walls and floors in any closed premises, from kitchens up to pools and bathrooms, and also a surface of furniture, fireplaces, and facades of buildings.
Smalto mosaic. Smalto is a version of a glass mosaic. But unlike last one smalto structure includes salts of kalium, instead of sodium, and other natural connections giving color to the material. Modern smalto is received in result of pressing fine parts of densely painted glass with addition of oxides and sintering at temperature of 700-800????C within the day. in result the material gets excellent physical and chemical properties: crashworthiness, frost resistance, stability various aggressive cleaners. Smalto is shining from within. Besides, each cube differs from others. Because of it the greater surface, which has been laid out by smalto of one color, does not look sadly. Available technologies allow receiving up to 10 thousand shades of smalto.

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Significant advantage of frameless glass relies in absence of the problems connected with periodic clearing - it is easy to wash each shutter, not being bent through a handrail of a balcony and not endangering you life and health.
Thus, frameless glass does not require specific maintenance service. You will have only to grease moving parts with a silicone spray.
In the closed position frameless system reliably protects a balcony from a wind and a rain, and noise level in the premises adjoining a loggia, decreases on 15-20 dB (noise of leaves).
By the way, the similar type of frameless glass can be also applied as the device for transparent and translucent frameless glass partitions (for example at offices, motor shows, showrooms and other premises where, in opinion of the customer, their transformation is expedient).
The most part of frameless systems is created so that filling had at least double safety factor. However, if it will appear insufficiently qualitative, shutters will start to jingle.
The problem is that the basic wind loadings perceives not glass, but places of its fastening in a structure. Thus constructive rigidity of unit of fixing of glass in a structure decreases. The “Doubtful” shutter becomes a source of noise, and in glass, in points of its mechanical fastening, undesirable concentration of pressure can develop.
It is natural, that these functional features should impose the certain print on cost characteristics of the products completing frameless system. Therefore, excepting initially unfair manufacturers, it is possible to speak that bad frameless systems are not present. There is their wrong application, frequently connected with unjustified economy. Therefore, at a stage of a choice it is very important to define the quality of the offered system, to study the accompanying documentation and to track the technology of futher installation.
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The system of frameless glass for balconies and loggias is considered as the most advanced technology. This technically elegant design has been thought up and fulfilled by Finns in the seventieth years of the last century.
What is it?
For the better understanding, how the system of frameless glass is arranged, you should imagine a structure established on a plate of the top balcony which to within 2 mm repeats its form. In this structure lasses move on special mobile loops.
The structure is rigidly fixed (by means of bolts) in concrete, and the bottom structure carries out the function of directing.
Ready made frameless balcony looks as a solid wall from tempered proof glasses. It does not require strengthening various expensive films, and at crushing it scatters on fine not sharp cubes, that reliably provides safety of people from the cuts happening in case of usual glass.
Thickness of such glass depends on height of the spaces: if it is above 2 m, the glass of 8 mm thickness is used and if it is below - 6-millimetric glass is applicated. On width the glass shutter can vary from 60 up to 80 cm, depending on the size of a balcony.
At installation, joints of glasses are closed by the thin transparent interglass sealant interfering hit on a balcony of water and a snow, promoting raised sound - and temperature isolation.
In manufacture elements of frameless glass are made of durable materials - aluminium details are painted with the method of powder misting, and stainless steel is used as fixture.

Profile glass - is the glass product received by a method of hire which let out with channel and box-shaped sections. As well as glass blocks, it possesses big transparency ability.
Office partitions from organic glass are made in the same way as from silicate. Alongside with popular acryl partitions cellular, glass which has the best characteristics, than the first one, but costs a little bit more expensive, has become even more popular. It represents volumetric sheets of 4-25 mm. thickness reminding honeycombs. For example, FWP 16 plates (with pyramidal structure) possess the improved mechanical characteristics. The standard sizes of such sheets are approximately 2100?????6000 mm, 2100?????7000 mm. DEGUSSA and ROHM are the leaders of the organic glass market.
The firms, engaged in development and installation of partitions, are frequently ready to offer customers different variants of designs, for example, hinged cases and shelves, magnetic and pith boards. It is possible to spend distributing to cavities of a skeleton electric, computer and telephone systems, installation of jalousie with infra-red remote control board. The deaf section of a partition provides a degree of sound insulation up to 54 dB, and glazed with double glass - up to 40 dB.
Not smaller interest in the building market is represented with the mobile partitions applied to the organization of individual workplaces or places for small working groups. The height of such partitions does not exceed two meters; therefore even the small premise will not look obstructed. Modules of partitions can be done to order; they can be of any length and height. Each section is a combined team. A variety of materials allows entering a novelty in an existing interior harmoniously. Use double glassing and decorative fabrics will improve sound insulation.
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MODERNIST STYLE of END XIX-of the BEGINNING of XX CENTURY
Stylization of the nature finds a new application in the glass-making industry. The linearity, poured with color scale and plainness, is preferred. All this can be applied in the art of the glass-making. On glass there are metal lusters, the twisted irises; flower patterns prevail in motives and forms.
Alongside with the French and American glass in a modernist style of the end of XIX century- the beginning of the XX centuries, the Czech glass in the same style belongs to the best glass that has ever been created in the world.
The key value for the achievement of success in glass-making industry in a modernist style had cooperation of the glass-makers with the best artists and painters.
XX-XXI CENTURY
In the XX century glass-making has gone through more radical restructurings, than ever before. Manufacturing, which earlier depended on the qualified manual skills, varied in process of gradual introduction of the automation, strongly taken a place in the manufacture of glass tare and technical glass, and later- in the manufacturing of dishcloth glasses.
The greatest event in the history modern glass industry was the exhibition which has opened in Paris (1925), and the exhibitions in Bruxelles (1935) and again in Paris (1937). Since the end the fiftieth and the beginning of sixtieth years of the XX century the cooperation of manufacturers of glass with artists is still developing.