Interior design ideas

The parquet board is a progressive building material, it has thought up as replacement of a massive parquet board and to a piece parquet with the purpose of its cost reduction. The reasonable overlapping of firm and concerning soft breeds the wood, stable structure, easy stacking, and long service life - enable a parquet board to take a worthy place in the market of flour coverings.
In a multilayered parquet board valuable breeds of trees are used only in the uppermost layer which has the 3-4 mm thickness, other layers are carried out from less valuable breeds, more often are made of pine and fur-tree. Such design of a parquet board allows not only to lower its cost and to reduce the charge of wood of valuable breeds of trees, but also to correct some lacks inherent in a piece parquet and a parquet from a massive board. The matter is that the condition of parquet floors strongly depends on temperature and humidity conditions of the premises. So, for example, the change in humidity on 10 % leads to increase in the size of parquet from a file up to 1 square meter in width.
It is necessary to support humidity of 60 % and temperature not below 18????. As a rule, such conditions exist in city apartments only in the summer when the central heating does not work. In the winter relative humidity in an apartment often does not exceed 50 %. Any temperature and humidity conditions changes lead to piece parquet and a massive parquet board deformation.
Parquet board Floors are considerably less sensitive to the temperature and humidity conditions. Such effect is reached owing to perpendicular accommodation of layers of wood in a multilayered package. The top layer from valuable breeds of wood is placed with fibers along the long party of a board. Fibers of an average layer are placed across fibers top, and the bottom layer is pasted with fibers across previous one. In case of humidity changes wood changes the sizes basically in a cross-section direction. Layers with a perpendicular arrangement of fibers do not allow extending to the neighbors, which does not allow extending all design. Therefore the parquet board in much resistant to any humidity changes.
On the structure the top layer of a parquet board can be made in the form of a continuous plate, or is stuck together from several boards. To this attribute the parquet board can be divided into one-strip, two-way and three-lane parquet. The first type imitates parquet from the massive board, two second one- a piece parquet. The average layer is usually made of pine a board, the bottom layer is made of plywood.

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Usually, when we touch the problem of coverings, we always dispute whether laminate is a modern substitute to parquet. But the parquet is an expensive floor covering, and besides its stacking demands significant efforts. So, what to do in this situation? Laminate can become one of the alternative variants of coverings. What is laminate? At once it is possible to say that laminate is not a kind of parquet, and it is not only its imitation. Unlike natural materials, the laminate is made not of a natural tree; it represents a printed decorative layer on a polymeric basis which simulates not only breed and the invoice of a tree, but also a roughness of the surface, covered by a wear proof film.
The classical laminate looks like a tree, but there are also marks in which the stone - a marble, granite, carpet coverings, a tile, and also ornaments, patterns and abstract pictures are imitated.
Having chosen a laminate as a floor covering, you will get rid of a headache on care of it. Neither scratches, nor dents from furniture wheels and ladies’ heels will remain on it. Even if the heavy subject will casually fall on it, it will not leave any trace. It is possible to draw, and even to go for a drive on roller skates on the laminate. This waterproof, very warm and absolutely harmless covering does not temp any allergy. Even the spilled paint or nail polish can be easily removed with acetone without any harm for the floor. It is easy to look after the laminated parquet, it is not necessary to scrape and polish it; it is enough to wipe it with damp cloth.
One of the significant pluses of the laminated parquet is that it is very simply mounted. The greater plates precisely processed at a factory, are easily and without backlashes adjusted to each other by “floating” stacking.
An edge is a weak side of the laminate. If at manufacturing the infringements of technology requirements occurred, the edges will be crumbled. It is possible to protect you from purchase of defective laminate, we advise you to choose the well-known firms???????? production.

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Usually, the surfaces of lateral walls and ceiling are sheathed by gypsum cardboard with which can be painted, pasted over with wall-papers or reveted with wooden panels. You may choose both parquet, and a ceramic tile for a floor covering - all this depends on your desire to unite visually the space of the reconstructed loggia with a room. And we advise you to arrange a floor with heating; such procedure is not is not too expensive and will provide comfortable temperature during the year.
Having attached loggia to an apartment, you will receive 5-8 square meters of extra space. Certainly, such compelled expansion of a living space has its lacks. First of all, it is a question of design features concerning the presence of???????? quite decent difference of a floor that can appear rather traumatic for children and older people, and also a portal, formed by the ledges of an old wall and “crosspiece” above the former window. However, according to designers, all these lacks can be turned into advantages by means of every possible drapery, drawings of patterns, creations of decorative columns and racks.
The received space can be used differently. You can arrange the cabinet on the former loggia (the other variant is to combine it with a winter garden), having separated it from a room with sliding panels or a screen. The ex-loggia also will ideally serve as a small exercise room or capacious wardrobe. It can be also turned into a fine bedroom - a lonely alcove for a two; there you may also arrange house cinema or a billiard table. And if it is necessary, you may screen a children’s game zone there. Quite often it occurs so that the former loggia turns into the dining room - for pleasant pastime behind a table, having both a podium, and panoramic windows. If the loggia becomes a part of kitchen, it can be turned into an extravagant bar or mini-cellar. So, everything depends just on your imagination.

Today the re-planning or converting loggia into the premises is one of the most popular receptions of re-planning in small-sized apartments. And simultaneously it is one of the most difficult and responsible house works. When each square meter in valuable, any opportunity of increase in a living space is appreciated, and such opportunity can????????t be missed. But, when you are transforming loggia in a part of a room or kitchen, it is important to remember that your actions can affect the comfort and well-being of all inhabitants of the house.
The expansion of apartment premises due to a loggia needs to be started with invitation of the professional architect or the engineer who would make the project of forthcoming works and would make all necessary calculations, and also would prepare the documents for the forthcoming works coordinating.
At the first stage of loggia????????s re-planning it is necessary to survey carefully its internal partition which can be made of a brick or a ferro-concrete plate. As a rule, there is a place for drain under it - it should be put in pawn with a brick, and all fine cracks should be cemented. A following stage of works foresees the window blocks installation. Here, we advise you to use a hollow structure from rigid PVC with thin partitions. It is wear-proof and it is difficultly ignited, it does not need an electric current, and it keeps heat. Today the market abounds with various systems of such structures so the customer needs to be defined only with width of a frame, quantity of “deaf” parts and shutters and in the way of opening of the last. Concerning the double-glazed window, the designers unequivocally recommend two-chamber window as it considerably will improve heat-and sound insulation of the expanded room.
When the dirtiest and labor-consuming works are finished, it is high time to start warming of the loggia. Perhaps, it is the most responsible stage demanding the maximal accuracy and scrupulousness. Actually the loggia should be wrapped up with multilayered “blanket”. We advise you to put vapour barrier (polythene, a foil) on a wooden or metal skeleton and then to put the heater and waterproofing materials (polythene, roofing material, mastic). You should remember that using of polyfoam it is categorically forbidden: it is a fire-dangerous material, besides allocating at burning poisonous substances.

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Modernist style today is bright paints, courageous and modern design decisions. And in fact this style already practically reminds nothing those refined interiors that were fashionable on a boundary of 19-20 centuries.
But in due time the modernist style - style of the end of the nineteenth - the beginnings of the twentieth centuries - has offered absolutely new decision of registration of an interior. A basis of expressiveness became the smooth, flowing lines repeating perfect natural vegetative forms. The modernist style was most brightly expressed in architecture and design of country houses. All - from a lattice of fencing up to house utensils - is sustained in one stream. Characteristic reception is the combination of various invoices - a tree and a stone, a tile and plaster. In modern perusal the modernist style is a combination of typical forms and lines to the high technologies providing convenience and a coziness. A symbol of style is the flower of a cyclamen - a sign on a new life.
Stained-glass windows are the sign phenomenon of a modernist style and represent not abstract, but figurative glass painting.
The ceramic tile with geometrical or flower ornament is used for facing a floor and walls for facing a floor and walls. Wall-papers are also applied to registration of walls with figure (a vertical strip), decorative plaster, a combination of silk or a paint from above and wooden panels from below.
The wooden board or type-setting parquet with characteristic elements can be laid on a floor. The multilevel floor - with podiums and steps- is also popular.
Used fixtures have plafonds in the form of the revealed flower or a bud, ceiling fitting are often suspended on wrought skeleton which is decorated by iron leaves or black bindweed.
Color registration should be of soft muffled green, lilac, grey and sated gold tones. The big attention is given to accessories - beautiful trifles give completeness to the style decision of an interior.
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Office is the visit card of your business. And the first impression of clients and partners in you and your firm is formed with the visual information. That is why designers urgently recommend reflecting on external shape of office long before crossing to it. Competent design-project of working space is the sign not only of good reputation of firm, but also of its successful activity.
Standard two concepts of registration of office are considered as classical “closed” (cabinet system) and open space (the open space) concepts. Official bodies, as a rule, prefer the first variant. Long corridors, personal cabinets and various “departments” are being changed today into the “less private” style. The companies with the same lay-out???? which are renting premises in old buildings and not having means for scale reconstruction of internal space are compelled to be content. However, in psychologists???????? opinion, such system has indisputable “plus”: the classical office optimum corresponds to linearly-functional organizational structure of the company with traditional administrative verticals and ways of coordination.
The “open space” concept, on the contrary, is an embodiment of idea of democratic character of office which is organized in large premise, not divided by main walls. Thus the space in it, naturally, is structured by means of mobile and stationary office partitions necessary functional zones are created. Quite often zoning is carried out by furniture: for branching one workplace from another workplace by cases, curbstones, racks are used. From the management point of view, such office corresponds to modern forms of management more and allows using new ways of internal coordination and the communications. Besides, the absence of doors and corridors essentially saves the area of office.
However, quite often there are companies which choose the third - mixed - variant of the organization of working space, by combining the elements of the classical and open offices. For example, a huge room is divided into many small isolated from each other cabinets. An essential disadvantage of such decision is that the erected partitions cannot be taken and transferred simply, for change of a lay-out of a premise it is necessary to break everything and to start building from the very beginning.
Hi-tech and classicism though, certainly, there are the most different variants are considered as the styles of registration of offices are mostly widespread today. If the office belongs to the person of a creative profession, say, to the photographer or to the architect, the interior can be created with use of elements of a modernist style, art-decor and even ethno style. However, in this case the difference between office and studio-workshop is not visible. The head of the solid company would choose “expensive” interior, in which the high-quality materials would prevail: parquet from a tree of valuable breeds, the windows draped by curtains, sound graceful furniture.

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The easiest way to give to the house its unique character is to arrange in it any interesting corner corresponding to your hobbies.
Home museum
If you the fan of olden time or can not live without collecting (pictures, badges, coins or even more exotic exhibits), separate “territory” which will be entirely devoted to your hobby should be entered into the project of your future house. Moreover, everyone will agree, that it is absolutely useless to hide all these treasures in boxes of cases of your personal cabinet (and to touch them as the avaricious knight in conditions of the deepest secret). Room-museum, specially allocated for these purposes in your house will make your interior really special.????????
The walls can be equipped by fixture for pictures with an opportunity of change of an exposition that will allow you not only to show the collection, but also to arrange open exhibitions of familiar artists at home. For fine exhibits glass cases-show-windows with illumination will perfectly approach: in them you can collect, for example, a family collection of travel (souvenirs, cards of cities, exotic subjects of a life). In general, the subjects of home museum can be the diversified: from family tree, old family photos and up to relics. The museum can be combined: the daddy collects the ancient weapon, mum collects vases, daughter collects dolls, and the son collects telephone cards of different cities. And you can place all this with comfort in your spacious family museum in which in parallel will be like a cabinet or a room for visitors.
Home observatory
The house with a glazed tower-observatory looks original and unusual. You may use the spiral stair lift there, and it is possible to place one of nurseries or a cabinet in style hi-tech with magnificent kinds from windows it is possible to place one of nurseries or a cabinet in style hi-tech with magnificent kinds from windows in the most round premise, besides a telescope and other techniques. Honestly speaking, observing of stars is a very fascinating process, and in rare days of solar and lunar eclipses your house will become the most popular among your friends.
Concerning the technical party of business, it is possible to say that today there are firms which specialize on sale and installation of the equipment for home observatories (are and also engaged in their designing and construction). Certainly, in such observatories the advanced hardware is presented: the image is projected on a computer and the systems can be completely automated.

The world has changed and we have changed too
Today we became choosy and an ideal place for purchases is our natural requirement. And new shopping centers opening almost every month put us before a choice: where to go shopping so that the place was cheerful, pleasant, and not far from the house?
The atmosphere of shopping center created by sound registration, color scores and illumination, alongside with the professional concept create additional comfort for visitors which influences loyalty of buyers and their desire to pass more time in the shopping center.
Honestly speaking, the competition is amplifying, and factors on which we did not reflect earlier (color, light, a sound and even smells) now act as an advantage in fighting for the buyer.
Gentle light and sweet aroma
Illumination is the key moment of shopping center interior. There should not be blacked out zones in a trading hall. All goods should be “presented on the face”, the advantages of the products should be favorably underlined by additional illumination. Lighting devices should not settle down too highly. And, certainly, illumination should not be aggressive, persuasive, distracting the visitor from - we shall face the truth - its basic function: purchases.
Smells play the last, but not the least role in shopping center interior and it is especially important that they did not irritate, and, on the contrary, caused positive emotions among the buyers. So, the smell of citrus, being bright enough, causes the least irritation and very well associates with New Year’s holidays.
Music
Sound registration of shopping center is also very important. In this question, certainly, it is better to keep to the “golden balance”. The excessive sound overload of some advertising messages is not welcomed, as in such cases buyers will often ignore these messages, “to be disconnected”, and thus will not hear a really important message (for example, about loss of documents).
At a choice of music underneath it is necessary to adhere to following rules: music should accompany, move to purchase, create mood, should not be too loud, irritate with discrepancy of musical style and the offered goods. For stimulation of purchases it is better to use the certain music causing association with action which will be made with the bought thing. So, in sports shop music should be loud and rhythmical, in shop of bed-clothes - relaxing or romantic melodies would be highly appreciated.
Our mistakes
Unfortunately, the declared concept of shopping center is not always adequately embodied in the concrete design decision and does not coincide with target audience. So, for example, the shopping centers focused on a youth audience, are often mistakenly executed in strict classical style etc. So, we advise you to be in harmony with your future buyers! Good Luck!

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As psychologists approve that illumination is capable to influence an atmosphere of a premise. Therefore for kitchen it is necessary to choose such scheme of illumination which would favor to the main applicability of this premise - to be a place of preparation and reception of food. Therefore illumination of kitchen, first of all, should be uniform, not causing sharp shadows and light contrasts.
Lighting devices for kitchen can be picked up so that at various times day they provided equally comfortable level of light exposure.
For example, in the daytime usually there is enough a natural illumination. And to improve natural illumination of kitchen, furnish of walls and a ceiling needs to be executed in light tones. In this case light, getting on light surfaces, will repeatedly be reflected, that will strengthen natural light exposure. The glossy surface of kitchen furniture, also as well as mirrors, visually increases the size of kitchen under influence of day time illumination and cleans sharp sides between light and a shadow. It is necessary not to forget that well washed windows can raise light exposure of a premise up to 30 %.
????During dark period of day, and also if for normal work in the afternoon on kitchen light exposure is not sufficient, creation of comfortable conditions will be incurred with artificial light sources.
Artificial illumination is created by electric fixtures by means of which it is possible to adjust light exposure of kitchen. It is considered, that it is better to use as artificial light sources fixtures with luminescent lamps, spectral which structure of light is close to natural.
The main task of the general, or top, illumination is to support the general level of light exposure of kitchen in the evening. General light should be bright, but at the same time soft, it should be distributed in regular intervals on a room. Such light will not deform color of the prepared dishes, giving to them natural appetizing shades. It can be both usual built in the cellar fixtures, and a luster. Color illumination is not recommended to be applied as the core, but as illumination it will perfectly change kitchen space, will emphasize functional zoning a premise and to allocate design accents.
Local illumination is better to be hinged under the lockers - in this case the light will not arrest attension, and shines on only on a working surface of a table. Local illumination can also be used above a dining table.
If the size of a premise allows, the kitchen can be divided into functional zones which can be emphasized by means of small light accents.
Thus, the main task in selection of kitchen illumination is a harmony and equation of illumination. Light devices should become a harmonious part of a kitchen interior; therefore for each separate case the scheme of illumination will be individual.

A decorative pillow is a remarkable accessory! It will bring in the general scale of an interior the notes of coziness, and will dilute excessively monotonous palette with bright paints, and simply, it is useful on the direct purpose, giving you and your visitors the softness. Many firms specializing on design of interiors, offer pillows on a choice (perhaps, one of the best, is a “hand made“ pillow, which is always better than a thing of a class purchased because it bears in itself human heat and care.
In this article we shall not speak about the pillows decorated by pictures, entirely embroidered dagger, a smooth surface or executed in carpet techniques, and we shall consider more creative and, at the same time, less labor-consuming variants.
Feel the artist!
The simplest variant for the person, not especially loving to sew, is to ornament pillows with paints on a fabric or ordinary acryl. Even if you are not able to draw at all, a little bright sparks on a fabric are possible to be given out safely for a masterpiece of impressionism. Dare, to spite of the settled stereotypes, that some colors are not combined basically! Absolutely all colors, simply this or that disharmonious chord, can be combined and it will emphasize your individuality. You will add grandiosity to pillows, if you draw some curves of a gold contour for batik or spangles for a fabric on them.
Infantile charm
Perhaps, you remember, how in the childhood you studied to sew buttons. Why to not recollect this and to not sew the pillow????????s cover with the diversified buttons? It is possible to design patterns from them, and it is possible to scatter the disorder simply on a pillow. You can also represent infantile florets ???? la children’s figure on a cloth - stalks and leaves will be executed by a green mouline thread at the “back needle“ seam, and multi-colored buttons will become petals.
The sky full of stars
It is possible to give some mystics to the pillow, having arranged a set of fine spangles on a black satiny or velvet background. However, we advise you to avoid symmetry, in fact the more randomly “stars“ will lie down on a fabric, the more they will remind the present star sky.
Pillow, as a frog
????It is possible to give a charm to a pillow, having sewn eyes and a nose for soft toys (these details are on sale in any specialized shop) to it. And if you will also decorate a pillow with ears and a tail of artificial fur, and on each side from a will embroider moustaches near the nose with contrast threads, there will be no limit to delights of fans of a children’s spontaneity. By the way, similar pillows will approach for a nursery.
We have told only about several ways of pillows???????? decor, all the others you, having inspired, can invent. And if you constrain the imagination within the limits of own feeling of fine, your creations will become a magnificent ornament of the house.